RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS: With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of the art. We carried out this work through the PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms: 1) "oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders"; 2) "oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders"; 3) "oxytocin and anorexia"; 4) "oxytocin and eating disorders"; 5) "oxytocin and obsessive- compulsive disorder"; 6) "oxytocin and schizophrenia"; 7) "oxytocin and depression"; 8) "oxytocin and bipolar disorder"; 9) "oxytocin and psychosis"; 10) "oxytocin and anxiety"; 11) "oxytocin and personality disorder"; 12) "oxytocin and PTSD". RESULTS: Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions. CONCLUSION: Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in a patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunoregulatory properties.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad , COVID-19 , Trastornos Mentales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Oxitocina/uso terapéutico , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Oxitocina , SARS-CoV-2Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Psicotrópicos , Humanos , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
French recommendations have been proposed for psychotropics use and possible adaptations during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Between uncertainties linked to the lack of data and speculations about possible benefits of psychotropics against the coronavirus, we propose here elements allowing to base the pharmacotherapeutic decisions potentially useful in Covid+ patients with psychiatric disorders.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Reposicionamiento de Medicamentos , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Ansiolíticos/efectos adversos , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/efectos adversos , Antivirales/farmacología , Betacoronavirus/efectos de los fármacos , COVID-19 , Comorbilidad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Disnea/inducido químicamente , Disnea/etiología , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/efectos adversos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/uso terapéutico , Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Psicotrópicos/efectos adversos , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Respiración/efectos de los fármacos , Medición de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2 , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Hypericum , Síndrome de QT Prolongado/inducido químicamente , Lopinavir/farmacología , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Ritonavir/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteasa Viral/farmacología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Psiquiatría , Psicotrópicos/farmacocinética , Derivación y ConsultaRESUMEN
Patients with COVID-19 are sometimes already being treated for one or more other chronic conditions, especially if they are elderly. Introducing a treatment against COVID-19, either on an outpatient basis or during hospitalization for more severe cases, raises the question of potential drug-drug interactions. Here, we analyzed the potential or proven risk of the co-administration of drugs used for the most common chronic diseases and those currently offered as treatment or undergoing therapeutic trials for COVID-19. Practical recommendations are offered, where possible.